| Color | Dark brown to black |
| Texture | Coarse and lumpy |
| Smell | Earthy and slightly pungent |
| pH | 6.5-7.5 |
| Moisture content | 50-60% |
| Nitrogen content | 1-2% |
| Phosphorus content | 1-2% |
| Potassium content | 1-2% |
| Organic matter content | 20-30% |
| Calcium content | 2-3% |
| Magnesium content | 0.5-1% |
| Sulfur content | 0.2-0.5% |
| Trace elements | Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, etc. |